![]() ![]() ^ Schneider,Hans-Jörg Dispersive Interactions in Solution Complexes Dispersive Interactions in Solution Complexes Acc.Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 September 2020. ^ Karlström, Gunnar Jönsson, Bo (6 February 2013).(1992), "The theory of molecular attractive forces between solids", Perspectives in Theoretical Physics, Elsevier, pp. 329–349, retrieved While the London dispersion force between individual atoms and molecules is quite weak and decreases quickly with separation ( R) like 1 R 6 : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link) For entities that are farther apart, the finite time required for the fluctuation at one atom to be felt at a second atom ("retardation") requires use of a "retarded" Hamaker constant. For atoms that are located closer together than the wavelength of light, the interaction is essentially instantaneous and is described in terms of a "non-retarded" Hamaker constant. The magnitude of the London dispersion force is frequently described in terms of a single parameter called the Hamaker constant, typically symbolized A. While the detailed theory requires a quantum-mechanical explanation (see quantum mechanical theory of dispersion forces), the effect is frequently described as the formation of the instantaneous dipoles that (when separated by vacuum) attract each other. The net effect is that the fluctuations in electron positions in one atom induce a corresponding redistribution of electrons in other atoms, such that the electron motions become correlated. These fluctuations create instantaneous electric fields which are felt by other nearby atoms and molecules, which in turn adjust the spatial distribution of their own electrons. The electron distribution around an atom or molecule undergoes fluctuations in time. ![]()
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